40 articles mentioning Carbon-500M
arXiv:2610.18201v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an indicator of agricultural soil condition and carbon storage, but numerical outputs from large language models (LLMs) require validation before use in monitoring or management. We evaluated seven general-purpose LLM con
arXiv:2512.01917v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Eddy-covariance (EC) flux towers provide in situ measurements of $CO_2$ flux and serve as the ground-truth data for predictive `upscaling' models derived from satellite products. However, many satellites now resolve spatial scales smaller than an E
arXiv:2609.20404v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Agricultural soils are a major untapped carbon sink. Carbon farming is emerging as a promising practice for tapping this potential. Smallholder farmers, who dominate agriculture across South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, are key to scaling climate mitig
arXiv:2609.13559v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Large Language Models (LLMs) with function-calling capabilities are becoming critical for modern agentic AI systems. Nevertheless, current deployments typically route inferences to powerful cloud-based models, incurring significant energy use and carbo
arXiv:2609.05565v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Large language model (LLM) sustainability is increasingly a serving-systems problem, not only a training problem. In production, energy and carbon impact depend on more than model size: workload shape, batching, key-value (KV) cache reuse, prefill/de
arXiv:2605.02409v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Bayesian Optimization is an iterative method, tailored to optimizing expensive black box objective functions. Surrogate models like Gaussian Processes, which are the gold standard in Bayesian Optimization, can be inefficient for inputs with permuta
arXiv:2609.01765v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Carbon markets put a price on emissions, yet that price remains hard to forecast. Work in this area clusters on the EU and Chinese schemes, compresses regulatory text into a sentiment score, and reports accuracy without calibration or explanation stabi
arXiv:2609.00847v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As machine learning and artificial intelligence find their way into nearly every aspect of climate, weather, and Earth system modeling, it is worth pausing to consider what our design decisions imply for the science and for the computational resource
arXiv:2606.07569v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Accurate carbon emission monitoring is critical for climate policy and emerging regulatory mechanisms such as the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, yet city-level high-frequency monitoring data remain extremely scarce, severely limiting data-h
arXiv:2605.23971v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: This work presents a physics-guided machine-learning framework for carbon monoxide concentration inference from experimentally measured resistance transients of a mixed-phase SnO-SnO$_2$ material gas sensor exhibiting temperature-dependent p-
arXiv:2608.28667v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised concerns about their environmental impact during inference. While Green AI research has focused on datacenter GPUs and embedded platforms, the energy profile of LLM inference on Apple
arXiv:2608.26451v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Bike-sharing systems are an important component of low-carbon urban mobility, but continued expansion creates challenges in both cold-start prediction and equitable resource allocation. Newly deployed stations lack historical ridership records, causing
arXiv:2607.22806v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Modern cloud deployments distribute applications across multiple geographic regions, yet standard routing mechanisms prioritize latency while ignoring the fluctuating carbon intensity of local power grids. Latency-driven routing incurs avoidable carbon
arXiv:2607.21444v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Reliable electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure is a cornerstone of sustainable, low-carbon cities, yet urban climate stress such as extreme heat, heavy precipitation, and humidity increasingly raises equipment fault risk and undermines the re
arXiv:2602.15423v4 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: As the burgeoning power requirements of sophisticated neural architectures escalate, the information retrieval community has recognized ecological sustainability as a pivotal priority that necessitates a fundamental paradigm shift in model de
Microsoft may once again be struggling to keep up with its own climate goals, according to its 2026 sustainability report. As reported by GeekWire, the report states that Microsoft's carbon emissions increased 25 percent in 2025, totalling 34 million metric tons "without select interventions." Micro
arXiv:2607.00834v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional soil analysis methods, offering advantages such as speed, low cost, and non-destructive testing. This work proposes a machine learning (ML) approach to calibrate pre
arXiv:2606.27515v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Accurate prediction of bottom-hole pressure (BHP) and CO2 plume migration is essential for safe geological carbon storage, yet practical simulations often rely on truncated domains where artificial boundaries distort pressure diffusion and CO2 saturati
arXiv:2606.19799v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Efficiency and sustainability are critical considerations in the development and deployment of machine learning (ML) applications. Among the factors influencing sustainability, resource leaks in ML code can introduce hidden inefficiencies that elevat
arXiv:2508.10178v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Shelf seas are important for the economy and the carbon cycle, but shelf sea observations for carbon pools are often sparse, or highly uncertain. An alternative can be provided by carbon reanalyses (whether assimilating proxy variables, such
Anthropic has joined the Frontier coalition, which received another $915M in pledges to fund carbon removal projects.
arXiv:2606.15954v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Agentic AI systems act through tools and sub-agents, yet the controls meant to bound their financial and environmental cost still sit on dashboards evaluated beside or after execution. Green SARC applies the SARC governance-by-architecture framework
arXiv:2606.16580v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Top-soil organic carbon (SOC) prediction is fundamental to agricultural sustainability, land use policy and fertilization planning. Existing approaches face two limitations: they pair hand-crafted covariates with classical ML or single-modal deep model
arXiv:2606.14707v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: AI training and deployment consume substantial electricity, but carbon outcomes remain weakly integrated into routine model development decisions. This paper presents Green AI Carbon Optimizer with two primary contributions: (i) a carbon aware cloud
arXiv:2602.19718v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: The rapid adoption of Generative AI (GenAI) in the software development life cycle (SDLC) increases computational demand, which can raise the carbon footprint of development activities. At the same time, organizations are increasingly embeddi
arXiv:2606.05420v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid proliferation of hyperscale data centers (HDCs) in the US, mainly driven by the adoption of artificial intelligence, has raised concerns about this industry's environmental footprint. We compiled facility-level information on 403 US hyperscal
arXiv:2604.26571v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) converts urban waste to energy but simultaneously emits carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and multiple regulated air pollutants whose formation is tightly coupled within a single combustion system. Controllin
arXiv:2605.13743v3 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Open datasets and benchmarks for entity-level carbon-emission prediction remain fragmented across access, scale, granularity, and evaluation. We introduce GHGbench, an open dataset and benchmark for company- and building-level greenhouse-gas predic
arXiv:2605.23991v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: There is a growing urgency to track greenhouse gasses with the resolution, precision and accuracy needed to support independent verification of $CO_2$ fluxes at local to global scales. The current generation of space-based sensors, however, o
arXiv:2605.24543v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The rapid growth of Electric Vehicle (EV) adoption challenges power distribution networks through peak load spikes, voltage instability, and transformer overloads from uncoordinated charging. While Model Predictive Control (MPC) and standard Reinforcem
arXiv:2509.24517v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Development of modern deep learning methods has been driven primarily by the push for improving model efficacy (accuracy metrics). This sole focus on efficacy has steered development of large-scale models that require massive computational resource
arXiv:2511.04776v3 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) represents a rapidly expanding digital infrastructure whose energy demand and associated CO2 emissions are emerging as a new category of climate risk. This study introduces G-TRACE (GenAI Transformat
arXiv:2508.06524v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) increasingly follow neural scaling laws that tie performance gains to rapidly expanding computational budgets, raising concerns about the sustainability of frontier-scale training. Existing carbon-estimation metho
arXiv:2605.16232v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The accelerating convergence of smart metering, generative artificial intelligence, and quantum-inspired combinatorial optimisation is reshaping how energy utilities manage physical infrastructure, customer engagement, and environmental accountabilit
arXiv:2605.05615v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) impose rapidly growing energy demands, creating an emerging energy and carbon crisis driven by large-scale inference. Solar-powered, AI-enabled low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been proposed to mitigate terrestrial
arXiv:2605.03304v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) creates a complex challenge for the interconnected European electricity market. Traditional static analyses often miss the cross-border spillover effects that are vital for understanding th
arXiv:2507.21803v2 Announce Type: replace Abstract: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) stands as a pivotal technology for fostering a sustainable future. The process, which involves injecting supercritical CO$_2$ into underground formations, a method already widely used for Enhanced Oil Recovery, serv
arXiv:2512.13746v5 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: Fiber reinforcement and polymer matrix respond differently to manufacturing conditions due to mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion and matrix shrinkage during curing of thermosets. These heterogeneities generate residual stresses over
arXiv:2604.25903v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: The accelerating adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineering (SE) has brought with it a silent crisis: unsustainable computational cost. While these models demonstrate remarkable capabilities in different SE tasks, they are unman
arXiv:2604.16448v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: As edge AI deployments scale to billions of devices running always-on, real-time compound AI pipelines, they represent a massive and largely unmanaged source of energy consumption and carbon emissions. To reduce carbon emissions while maximizing Qual